з« иҠӮй”ҷиҜҜ,зӮ№жӯӨдёҫжҠҘ(е…ҚжіЁеҶҢ),дёҫжҠҘеҗҺз»ҙжҠӨдәәе‘ҳдјҡеңЁдёӨеҲҶй’ҹеҶ…ж ЎжӯЈз« иҠӮеҶ…е®№,иҜ·иҖҗеҝғзӯүеҫ…,并еҲ·ж–°йЎөйқўгҖӮ
вҖңдёҚиҝҮеҘҪеңЁз—…дәәзҡ„е…¶еҘ№иә«дҪ“жңәиғҪ并жңӘеҸ—еҲ°еҪұе“ҚпјҢйҷӨдәҶи„‘йңҮиҚЎйңҖиҰҒеҶҚдҪҸйҷўи§ӮеҜҹдёҖж®өж—¶й—ҙеӨ–пјҢиә«дҪ“еҸӘжҳҜиҪ»еҫ®йӘЁжҠҳпјҢдј‘жҒҜдёҖж®өж—¶й—ҙеҗҺиӢҘжҳҜжІЎжңүд»Җд№ҲејӮеёёжғ…еҶөеҮәзҺ°пјҢжңҖеӨҡеҚҠдёӘжңҲе°ұиғҪеҮәйҷўдәҶгҖӮвҖқ
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гҖҖгҖҖеҢ»з”ҹиө°еҗҺпјҢеҫҗз‘ҫиЁҖзңӢзқҖиәәеңЁз—…еәҠдёҠзҡ„жұҹжІ…йҒ“пјҡвҖң啧пјҢжұҹе°ҸжІ…пјҢдҪ иҝҳзңҹжҳҜзҰҸеӨ§е‘ҪеӨ§е•ҠпјҒвҖқ
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гҖҖгҖҖжұҹжІ…иҷҪ然еҝҳи®°дәҶд»ҘеүҚзҡ„дәӢжғ…пјҢдҪҶд»ҺеҲҡжүҚеҢ»з”ҹзҡ„иҜқйҮҢд№ҹжҳҜдәҶи§ЈеҲ°дәҶдёҖдәӣдәӢжғ…пјҢжҜ”еҰӮпјҢеҘ№д№ӢжүҖд»ҘдјҡеӨұеҝҶжҳҜеӣ дёәеҮәиҪҰзҘёдјӨеҲ°дәҶеӨ§и„‘зҡ„зјҳж•…гҖӮ
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гҖҖгҖҖиҖҢдё”еҘ№зҡ„еӨұеҝҶз—ҮдёҚзЎ®е®ҡд»Җд№Ҳж—¶еҖҷиғҪеҘҪгҖӮ
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гҖҖгҖҖеҝҳи®°дәҶиҮӘе·ұжҳҜи°ҒпјҢиҝҷ并дёҚжҳҜдёҖдёӘеҫҲеҘҪзҡ„дҪ“йӘҢгҖӮз”ҡиҮіиҜҙеҫҲзіҹзі•пјҢеҒҸеҒҸж—Ғиҫ№иҝҳжңүдёҖдёӘеҗөеҲ°дәәеӨҙз–јзҡ„иҜқз—ЁгҖӮ
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гҖҖгҖҖвҖңжҲ‘еҫҲеҘҪеҘҮпјҢдҪ 既然еҝҳдәҶжҲ‘们жүҖжңүдәәпјҢйӮЈжҳҜдёҚжҳҜд»ҘеүҚеӯҰиҝҮзҡ„дёңиҘҝд№ҹеҝҳдәҶпјҹжқҘжқҘжқҘпјҢдҪ е…Ҳеӣһзӯ”жҲ‘дёҖеҠ дёҖзӯүдәҺеҮ пјҹвҖқ
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гҖҖгҖҖвҖңзҷҪз—ҙпјҒвҖқжұҹжІ…жІЎеҘҪж°”ең°дёўз»ҷдәҶеҜ№ж–№дёҖдёӘеӨ§зҷҪзңјгҖӮ
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гҖҖгҖҖеҫҗз‘ҫиЁҖжү¬дәҶжү¬зңүйҒ“пјҡвҖң啧пјҢиҝһиҮӘе·ұжҳҜи°ҒйғҪеҝҳдәҶпјҢз«ҹ然没еҝҳи®°жҖҺд№ҲйӘӮдәәгҖӮжұҹе°ҸжІ…пјҢдҪ зЎ®е®ҡиҮӘе·ұзңҹзҡ„еӨұеҝҶдәҶпјҹвҖқ
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гҖҖгҖҖвҖңжҲ‘жңүеҝ…иҰҒйӘ—дҪ еҗ—пјҹвҖқжұҹжІ…еҸҚй—®йҒ“гҖӮ
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гҖҖгҖҖеҫҗз‘ҫиЁҖи§үеҫ—д№ҹжҳҜпјҢеҰӮжһңеҸӘжҳҜејҖзҺ©з¬‘зҡ„иҜқпјҢеҲҡжүҚеҪ“зқҖеҢ»з”ҹзҡ„йқўеҘ№е°ұеә”иҜҘе·Із»Ҹи§ЈйҮҠжё…жҘҡдәҶгҖӮ
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гҖҖгҖҖжӣҙдҪ•еҶөпјҢеҘ№д№ҹдёҚиҮідәҺжӢҝиҝҷз§ҚдәӢжғ…жқҘејҖзҺ©з¬‘гҖӮ
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гҖҖгҖҖвҖңйӮЈдҪ йҷӨдәҶеҝҳи®°иҮӘе·ұзҡ„иә«д»Ҫд№ӢеӨ–пјҢеҲ«зҡ„дёңиҘҝиҝҳи®°дёҚи®°еҫ—дәҶпјҹжҜ”еҰӮпјҢдҪ зҡ„жүӢжңәеҸ·пјҢиҝҳжңүвҖҰвҖҰдҪ зҡ„银иЎҢеҚЎеҜҶз ҒпјҹвҖқ
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гҖҖгҖҖвҖңдҪ и§үеҫ—е‘ўпјҹвҖқжұҹжІ…жІЎеҘҪж°”ең°еҸҚй—®йҒ“гҖӮжҒҗжҖ•жңҖеҗҺйқўйӮЈдёӘжүҚжҳҜд»–жғій—®зҡ„йҮҚзӮ№еҗ§пјҹд»–иҜҘдёҚдјҡи§үеҫ—иӢҘжҳҜиҮӘе·ұжІЎеҝҳи®°зҡ„иҜқпјҢдјҡжҠҠеҜҶз Ғе‘ҠиҜүд»–пјҹ
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гҖҖгҖҖеҘ№еҸӘжҳҜеӨұеҝҶдәҶпјҢеҸҲдёҚжҳҜеӮ»пјҒ
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гҖҖгҖҖеҫҗз‘ҫиЁҖпјҡвҖңжҲ‘и§үеҫ—дҪ еә”иҜҘдёҚи®°еҫ—дәҶпјҒвҖқ
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гҖҖгҖҖжұҹжІ…пјҡвҖңжҒӯе–ңдҪ пјҢзӯ”еҜ№дәҶпјҒвҖқ
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гҖҖгҖҖеҫҗз‘ҫиЁҖпјҡвҖҰвҖҰ
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гҖҖгҖҖдёәд»Җд№Ҳиҝҷдё«еӨҙйғҪеӨұеҝҶдәҶпјҢиҝҳиҝҷд№Ҳе–ңж¬ўжҖјд»–пјҹ
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гҖҖгҖҖжұҹжІ…иҷҪ然еҳҙдёҠиҜҙзқҖиҮӘе·ұйғҪдёҚи®°еҫ—дәҶпјҢдҪҶжҸҗеҲ°й“¶иЎҢеҚЎеҜҶз Ғзҡ„ж—¶еҖҷпјҢи„‘жө·дёӯеҲҶжҳҺеҘҮејӮиҲ¬зҡ„еҶ’еҮәдёҖдёІж•°еӯ—гҖӮ
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гҖҖгҖҖеҘ№д№ҹдёҚзҹҘйҒ“жҳҜдёҚжҳҜи·ҹеҜҶз Ғжңүе…іпјҢж”№еӨ©иҜ•дёҖдёӢе°ұзҹҘйҒ“дәҶгҖӮ
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гҖҖгҖҖеҫҗз‘ҫиЁҖдёҚжӯ»еҝғең°еҸҲй—®йҒ“пјҡвҖңйӮЈеҲ«зҡ„е‘ўпјҹдҪ еӯҰдәҶиҝҷд№ҲеӨҡе№ҙзҡ„иҜӯж–Үж•°еӯҰеӨ–иҜӯпјҢдёҚдјҡйҖҡйҖҡйғҪеҝҳдәҶеҗ§пјҹвҖқ
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гҖҖгҖҖжұҹжІ…пјҡвҖңжҲ‘д№ҹдёҚзҹҘйҒ“пјҢдёҚеҰӮдҪ й—®еҮ дёӘй—®йўҳзңӢзңӢпјҹвҖқ
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гҖҖгҖҖеҫҗз‘ҫиЁҖпјҡвҖңи®®и®әж–ҮдёүиҰҒзҙ пјҹвҖқ
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гҖҖгҖҖвҖңи®әзӮ№гҖҒи®әжҚ®гҖҒи®әиҜҒгҖӮвҖқжұҹжІ…еҮ д№ҺдёҚеҒҮжҖқзҙўдҫҝеӣһзӯ”йҒ“гҖӮ
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гҖҖгҖҖеҫҗз‘ҫиЁҖпјҡвҖңиөҸиҜ—дёүжӯҘжі•пјҹвҖқ
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гҖҖгҖҖвҖңзҹҘдәәи®әдё–гҖҒиҜ‘жһҗеӯ—йқўгҖҒйҳҗжҳҺдё»ж—ЁгҖӮвҖқ
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гҖҖгҖҖеҫҗз‘ҫиЁҖдёҚдҝЎйӮӘең°еҸҲй—®йҒ“пјҡвҖңеҫ·ж‘©ж №е®ҡеҫӢпјҹвҖқ
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гҖҖгҖҖжұҹжІ…пјҡвҖңйқһ(pдё”q)=(йқһp)жҲ–(йқһq)/йқһ(pжҲ–q)=(йқһp)дё”(йқһq)вҖқ
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гҖҖгҖҖеҫҗз‘ҫиЁҖпјҡвҖңsuchзҡ„з”Ёжі•пјҹвҖқ
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гҖҖгҖҖжұҹжІ…пјҡвҖңsuchдҪңйҷҗе®ҡиҜҚе’ҢallпјҢnoпјҢanyпјҢsomeпјҢotherпјҢantherзӯүиҜҚиҝһз”Ёж—¶пјҢsuchж”ҫеҗҺйқўгҖӮеҰӮжһңsuchдҝ®йҘ°еҚ•ж•°еҸҜж•°еҗҚиҜҚпјҢдё”дёҺдёҚе®ҡеҶ иҜҚиҝһз”Ёж—¶йңҖзҪ®дәҺе…¶еүҚпјӣsuchеүҚжңүnoж—¶дёҚз”ЁеҶ иҜҚгҖӮвҖқ
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гҖҖгҖҖз«ҹ然дёҖдёӘд№ҹжІЎй”ҷгҖӮ
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гҖҖгҖҖеҫҗз‘ҫиЁҖзҘһиүІеӨҚжқӮең°зңӢзқҖеҘ№гҖӮ